(01) If x : y = 3 : 2, then the ratio ( 2x² + 3y² ) : ( 3x² – 2y² ) is:
Given –
x : y = 3 : 2, then x = 3y / 2
( 2x² + 3y² ) : ( 3x² – 2y² ) = ( 2 × 9y²/4 + 3y² ) : ( 3 × 9y² / 4 – 2y² )
= 15y² / 2 : 19y² / 4 = 30 : 19
Hence 30 : 19 is the required ratio
(02) If a : b = b : c, then a4 : b4 is:
Sol:
a : b = b : c, thus, b² = ac
Thus, a4 : b4 = a4 / ac × ac = a² : c²
(03) If a : b = c : d = e : f = 1 : 2, then ( 3a + 5c + 7e ) : ( 3b + 5d + 7f ) is:
Sol:
a = x, c = x and e = x
Then, b = 2x, d = 2x and f = 2x
Thus, ( 3a + 5c + 7e ) : ( 3b + 5d + 7f ) = 15x / 30x = ½ = 1 : 2
Hence the required ratio is 1 : 2
(04) If x : y = 2 : 3, then the value of 3x + 2y / 9x + 5y is:
Sol: x = 2y / 3
Thus, 3 (2y/3) + 2y / 9 (2y/3) + 5y) = 4y / 11y = 4 / 11
Hence 4/11 is the required value
(05) The ratio of the first and second class fares between two railway stations is 4 : 1 and that of the number of passengers travelling by first and second classes is 1 : 40. If on a day Rs. 1100 are collected as total fare, the amount collected from the first class passengers is
First class fare = 4x and Second class fare = x
Passenger in first class 1 and second class = 40
Thus, 4x + 40x = 1100
x = 25
First class fare = 4 × 25 = Rs. 100
(06) What number should be added to each of 6, 14, 18 and 38, so that the resulting numbers make a proportion?
Let the required number be x
6 + x / 14 + x = 18 + x / 38 + x
x = 2
Hence 2 should be added to make these numbers a proportion
(07) The ratio of two numbers is 3 : 4 and their LCM is 48. The sum of the two numbers is:
First number = 3x and Second number = 4x
LCM = 48
( 3 × 4 ) x = 48
x = 4
Numbers = 3 (4) and 4 (4) = 12 and 16
Required sum = 12 + 16 = 28
(08) The ratio of weekly income of A and B is 9 : 7 and the ratio of their expenditures is 4 : 3. If each saves Rs. 200 per week, then the sum of their weekly income is:
Income of A = 9x, Income of B = 7x
Expenditure of A = 4y, Expenditure of B = 3y
9x – 4y = 200 and 7x – 3y = 200
On solving both equations, x = 200, y = 400
Income of A = 9 (200) = Rs. 1800 and Income of B = 7 (200) = Rs. 1400
Required Sum = 1800 + 1400 = Rs. 3200
(09) 94 is divided into two parts in such a way that the fifth part of the first and the eighth part of the second are in the ratio 3 : 4. The first part is:
First part = x , Second part = 94 – x
(x/5) : (94 – x) /8 = 3 / 4
x/5 × 8/94 –x = 3 /4
8x / 470 – 5x = 3 / 4
32x = 1410 – 15x
x = 1410 / 47 = 30
Hence 30 is the first part
(10) A, B and C are Batsmen. The ratio of the runs scored by them in a certain match are A : B = 5 : 3 and B : C = 4 : 5. In all they scored 564 runs. The number of runs scored by B is
A : B = 5 : 3 and B : C = 4 : 5,
thus, A : B : C = 20 : 12 : 15
Runs scored by B =( 12 / 47) × 564 = 144