(01) A mixture of 30 liters contain milk and water in the ratio of 7: 3. How much water should be added to it so that the ratio of milk and water becomes 3: 7 ?
Given:
Mixture of milk and water = 30 litres
In the ratio = 7: 3
Amount of milk = 7/ (7 + 3) x 30
= (7/ 10) x 30
= 21 litres
Amount of water = 3/ (7 + 3) x 30
= (3/ 10) x 30
= 9 litres
I.e., in 30 litres of mixtures 21 litres of milk and 9 litres of water is added.
Now, it is to be noted that only water is added here so amount of milk will remain same throughout the mixture, so Let the total amount of water in the solution be x
Therefore, 21: x = 3: 7
21/ x = 3/7
x = 21 x 7/ 3
= 49 litres
Therefore, amount of water to be added = total amount of water in new solution – water present in old solution
= 49 – 9 = 40 litres
Ans. Hence 40 litres of water is added.
(02) In 50 gm alloy of gold and silver, the gold is 80 % by weight. How much gold is mixed to this alloy so that the weight of gold would become 95%?
Given: Percentage of gold in 50 gm of alloy = 80 %
By allegations law,
n1 : n2 = 5 : 15 or 1: 3
Hence, the quantity of gold in the ratio = 3 x 50 gm = 150 gm
Ans. 150 gm of gold is to be mixed.
(03) There are 81 litres pure milk in a container. One – third of milk in the container is replaced by water. Again one – third of mixture is extracted and equal amount of water is added. What is the ratio of milk to water in the new mixture?
Given: initial quantity of milk = 81 litres = c
One- third of water is taken = (1/ 3 ) x 81 = 27 litres = x
No. Of process = 2 = n
Quantity of water = 81 – 36 = 45 litres
Therefore, ratio of milk to water in the new mixture = 36: 45
= 4: 5
Ans. The ratio of milk to water in the mixture is 4: 5
(04) In 80 litres mixture of milk and water the ratio of amount of milk to that of water is 7: 3.In order to make this ratio 2:1 how many litres of water should be added?
Given: Mixture of milk and water = 80 litres
Ratio of milk to water = 7: 3
Amount of milk = [7/ (7 + 3)] x 80 = 56 litres
Amount of water [3/ (7 + 3)] x 80 = 24 litres
In order to be change the ratio water is added here I.e., amount of milk will be constant here, Let the amount of water in new mixture be x
Therefore, 56: x = 2: 1
56/ x = 2/1
x = 56/ 2 = 28 litres
Amount of water added = amount of water in (new mixture – old mixture)
= 28 – 24
= 4 litres
Ans. Therefore, 4 litres of water is added
(05) The milk and water in a mixture are in the ratio 7: 5. When 15 litres of water are added t it, the ratio of milk and water in the new mixture becomes 7: 8. The total quantity of water in the new mixture is:
Given: milk: water = 7: 5 in old mixture
After adding 15 litres of water
Milk: water = 7: 8 in new mixture
Here amount of milk is constant from beginning,
Rise in water = 8 – 5 = 3 units
3 units = 15 litres (according to question)
1 unit = 15/ 3 = 5 litres
Therefore, amount of water in new mixture = 8 x 5 = 40 litres
Ans. Total amount of water is 40 litres.